An interview about the effects of carnosine and its importance for our organism was given by Assoc. MUDr. Igo Kajaba, PhD., internist – gastroenterologist, expert in the field of nutrition and clinical nutrition, scientist, physician and expert consultant and guarantor of CarnoMed, s.r.o..
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Carnosine is the body’s own essential substance, which is naturally formed in the human body from two amino acids (AK) that form a constant dipeptide . One of its components is L-histidine, which is an essential amino acid, for example, during periods of intense growth, during pregnancy and in states of increased physical and mental stress. The other is the basic AK β-alanine, important in the processes of proteosynthesis (protein formation) in tissues. Their association and the formation of carnosine is facilitated by the enzyme carnosine synthetase, mainly in skeletal muscle, including heart muscle, but also in the brain, lungs, kidneys and otherorgans, where it performs several important physiological and protective functions, especially as the most intense antioxidant and a preventive factor in the spread of the so-called It is the most important antioxidant and most effective antioxidant and the most important preventive agent of diseases of civilisation in the population. There is also another enzyme carnosinase in the body, which in turn hydrolyzes (breaks down) dipeptide into its 2 basic AKs, if these are needed in isolation for the organism. Carnosine is also ingested exogenously in the diet, from which it is absorbed only in the upper parts of the small intestine of the jejunum (lactating animal) and is then supplied to all organs by the blood because of its importance.
In the extensive world literature, significant protections are highlighted on the basis of EBM (Evidence Based Medicine).carnosine’s beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders and immunomodulatory disorders are highlighted by EBM. It also exhibits cell-protective and regenerative, the aforementioned antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisclerotic, antidiabetic, antimutagenic and thus antiontogenic (anticancer) effects. Carnosine also significantly suppresses the unfavourable formation of protein-carbohydrate (glucose) binding, which is associated with the formation of risky advanced glycation products – AGE-s (Advanced Glycosylation End- products), as well as the negative impact of the lipid peroxidation end-products ALE-s (Advanced Lipoperoxidation Endproducts), which are malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and hydroxynonenal . These pose a risk for a number of serious clinical conditions, but they also adversely promote the processes of premature ageing of the body. Also significant is the ability of carnosine to chelate pro-oxidative metal ions such as copper, zinc, iron, but also to bind toxic metals – arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and by promoting their excretion from the body, protects it from serious damage.
Carnosine also appears to be a very promising therapeutic molecule and therefore, in order to maintain its beneficial effect for as long as possible, it is desirable tolonger to maintain its activity in the body, even by exogenous intake through the consumption of meat and offal, or through the ingestion of its pharmaceutical preparations. It is now generally accepted that oxidative stress is one of the fundamental links in the aetiopathogenesis (diseaseactivity) of a number of metabolic and degenerative diseases, the onset and development of which are effectively protected against by carnosine. It is biologically active as a scavenger and scavenger of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Reactive Nitrogen Species) and thus suppresses the onset of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative conditions (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and autism), diabetes and the development of its serious secondary complications. These are mainly atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, sudden cerebral and cardiac vascular events, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and polyneuropathy, but also cataracts (cataracts of the lens of the eye). The above scientific knowledge about carnosine makes it possible to assume that its functions will gradually be used in the treatment of a number of diseases.
It is certainly worth mentioning here a new progressive area related to the use of carnosine, namely in the severe condition of “Autism Spectrum Disorder”(PAS), referred to in the foreign literature as “Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in children, but also in adults. Autism is a pervasive (pervasive) disorder, again referred to in the foreign literature as PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disorder), which is characterised by a complex developmental disturbance of multiple basic psychological functions of the individual. A pioneer in the use of carnosine in the care of children with the above diagnosis of PAS (PDD) is MD. Michael Chez, a pediatric neurologist in Chicago, who conducted an 8-week controlled and double-blind shtive study in 1,000 autistic children, administering 800 mg of carnosine per day, which produced significant results. The beneficial effects of carnosine administration were confirmed in 90% of the children studied. Improvements occurred in scales assessing behaviour by 18%, speech and communication by 16% and social interaction by up to 27%, and improvements were also observed in fine motor and auditory perception. Importantly, no adverse side effects of carnosine were observed during the study and its administration is therefore recommended for furthertion is recommended for further studies, even if only an improvement in the clinical condition is achieved and not a cure, as autism is a permanent and, unfortunately, as yet incurable disorder. The problem of the use of carnosine in various clinical conditions is also being investigated by local authors from the Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science of Charles University, the Institute ofInstitute of Molecular Biomedicine of Charles University and the Institute of Pathological Physiology of the Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, both in Bratislava, as well as from the Institute of Endocrinology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava.
Certainly not, on the contrary, it has a certain age recommendation. It is known that the optimal internal production of carnosine peaks at the age of 40 and in the following years its content in the body gradually decreases, which also applies to the mitochondrially important coenzyme Q10. Thus, it follows that both should be supplemented with their preparations, in the form of nutritional supplements.
The dosage of Carnosine Extra is individual according to the age and current condition of the individual and is adapted to the effect of the administration. The average consumption dose is 2 capsules 2 times a day when trying to replenish the necessary amount in the body. There is evidence from the USA that carnosine has been used to reduce the number of nervous seizures in autistic people, as well as epileptic seizures.seizures, doses ranging from 200 mg up to 3000 mg (3 g) per day have been administered, again without adverse side effects.
The biological efficacy of carnosine can be further enhanced by appropriate combination with other activeas in the case of Carnosine Extra, to achieve a greater effect compared to a preparation containing only carnosine. Carnosine Extra contains in 1 capsule : 125 mg of carnosine, 20 mg of mitochondrially beneficial d-alpha tocopheryl succinate (equivalent to 16 mg of vitaminsE-acetate), 13.6 mg of L-carnitine, 20 mg of coenzyme Q10, 20 mg of blueberry extract and 20 mg of grape fruit extract. This is to enrich the preparation with the significant health-protective effects of plant flavonoids, other polyphenolic substances and resveratrol trihydrostilbene, which areTheir role is to repair damaged mitochondrial and nuclear DNA molecules, to protect the cardiovascular system by the strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the combined substances.
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